Sabong, or cockfighting, is one of the oldest and most beloved cultural traditions in the Philippines. This sport, deeply intertwined with Filipino heritage, is a unique blend of skill, strategy, and spectacle. Despite its controversial nature, Sabong continues to thrive in various regions across the country, even in modern times. Whether you're a seasoned aficionado or a curious newcomer, understanding the language of Sabong is crucial for appreciating the finer details of this tradition.

In 2021, Sabong saw a resurgence in popularity, especially with the rise of online Sabong, known as "e-Sabong." The sport's fans and bettors, many of whom are now turning to digital platforms, rely heavily on the specific jargon that has been passed down through generations. In this article, we’ll explore some of the most important Sabong terms and explain their significance in the world of Filipino cockfighting.

Tari (Gaff)

One of the most critical aspects of Sabong is the tari, which refers to the sharp, razor-like blade attached to the leg of the gamecock. The tari is designed to enhance the bird’s fighting ability and can be the deciding factor in a match. These blades are usually made of high-quality steel and are attached by skilled handlers to ensure maximum impact during the fight.

Choosing the right tari is essential, as it must complement the bird’s size, speed, and fighting style. Each cockfighter has their own preferred type and length, and some even have their custom-made tari for specific battles. The attachment process is delicate and requires great expertise, as a poorly attached tari can injure the gamecock before the fight even begins.

Mananari (Blade Handler)

The mananari is the person responsible for attaching the tari to the gamecock. This position is held in high regard, as the skill and precision of the mananari can make or break a fight. A master mananari knows exactly how to position the blade so that it enhances the bird’s natural movements while ensuring safety before the match.

Beyond attaching the blade, the mananari must have a deep understanding of the birds themselves. They must assess each cock's health, fighting spirit, and aggression to ensure the blade placement is optimal for that particular gamecock.

Sabongero (Cockfighter)

The term Sabongero refers to the person who raises, trains, and handles the gamecock for the fight. Sabongeros often come from long lines of cockfighters, inheriting a passion for the sport from their ancestors. The relationship between a Sabongero and his gamecock is built on trust and rigorous training. They spend months preparing their birds, using specialized diets, training routines, and techniques to develop the perfect fighting bird.

Sabongeros are deeply knowledgeable about their birds, understanding the intricate details of their temperament, strengths, and weaknesses. They also play a crucial role during the fight, offering commands and guidance to their bird through subtle gestures and vocal cues. A successful Sabongero is not just a handler but a tactician who knows how to read the fight and adjust strategies on the fly.

Laban (Fight)

A laban is the actual fight between two gamecocks in the Sabong arena. Before the match begins, the handlers will compare their birds to ensure that they are of similar size and weight. Once the match is set, the two gamecocks are placed in the ring, and the intense battle begins. The laban is often short, lasting only a few minutes as the birds engage in a fierce fight to the death.

During a laban, spectators gather around the ring, placing bets on which bird they believe will emerge victorious. The tension in the air is palpable as the fight progresses, with every slash of the tari and each evasive maneuver drawing gasps from the crowd. For many, the adrenaline-fueled moments of the laban are the heart of Sabong.

Sabong is much more than just a spectacle. It’s a strategic game where knowledge of the terms and language can enhance the enjoyment and understanding of the sport. In the second half of this article, we’ll explore more critical terms used in the Sabong world and how they play a role in this exciting tradition.

Pusta (Bet)

One of the most engaging aspects of Sabong is the pusta, or betting, that occurs before and during the fight. Pusta is central to the Sabong experience, with gamblers and enthusiasts placing their money on the gamecock they believe will win. There are several types of bets, and the betting process can be fast-paced, with odds constantly shifting as the fight progresses.

The Kristo, a charismatic figure who calls out and records bets, plays an essential role in the betting process. Standing in the center of the betting area, the Kristo uses hand signals and verbal cues to manage the bets placed by the crowd. His rapid calculations and clear enunciation are crucial to keeping the betting organized and fair.

Kristo (Betting Moderator)

The Kristo is easily recognizable in any Sabong event. Typically found at the center of the betting area, this individual is responsible for managing the betting process. The name Kristo comes from the way the betting moderator raises his arms like a crucifix to signal and gather bets from the crowd.

The Kristo is a highly skilled individual who must be able to manage a chaotic environment with ease. His ability to quickly calculate odds, keep track of bets, and communicate with gamblers using hand signals and shouts is crucial to maintaining order. Without the Kristo, the betting process would be confusing and disorganized, as large crowds participate in the wagering at once.

Panalo (Win) and Talunan (Loss)

After a laban, one gamecock is declared the panalo (winner), while the other is talunan (loser). The winner’s owner usually receives a large sum of money, especially if the bets were high. Winning a Sabong match is not just about the financial reward, though. The victory is a source of great pride for the Sabongero and his community.

The talunan or losing bird, often suffers grave injuries or dies as a result of the fight. However, for some seasoned fighters, losing a match does not necessarily mean the end. In certain cases, a gamecock may fight multiple matches throughout its life, provided it survives and is in fighting condition.

Bilasa (Damaged Bird)

A bird that is bilasa is one that has suffered significant injuries during a fight. After the match, owners will examine their gamecock to assess its injuries. If the bird is badly wounded, it may need immediate attention to prevent further harm. The decision to continue using a bird after it becomes bilasa depends on its condition and the Sabongero’s assessment of its future potential.

E-Sabong (Online Sabong)

As technology has evolved, so has Sabong. E-Sabong emerged as a popular alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic, when large gatherings were restricted. In e-Sabong, the traditional cockfight is live-streamed online, allowing bettors and fans to watch and place bets remotely. This digital adaptation brought Sabong to a broader audience, both locally and internationally.

Despite its growing popularity, e-Sabong has faced regulatory challenges. The government imposed stricter rules in 2021 to ensure that the betting process was fair and transparent. However, for many enthusiasts, e-Sabong has become a convenient way to enjoy their favorite sport from the comfort of their own homes.

Sabong remains a vibrant part of Filipino culture, offering excitement, tradition, and community involvement. By learning these essential terms, you can better appreciate the complexity of the sport and understand its lasting appeal across generations.